دانلود کتاب برنامه‌نویسی C مدرن – ویرایش سوم

As the title of this book suggests, today’s C is not the same language as the one originally designed by its creator. Right from the start, C has been in a continuous process of adjustment and improvement. Usually, early C is referred to as K&R C (Kernighan and Ritchie C) after the first book that made the language popular. Since then, it has undergone an important standardization and extension process, now driven by ISO, the International Standards Organization. This led to the publication of a series of C standards in 1989, 1999, 2011, 2018, and 2024, commonly referred to as C89, C99, C11, C17, and C23, respectively. The C standards committee puts a lot of effort into guaranteeing backward compatibility such that code written for earlier revisions of the language, say, C11, should compile to a semantically equivalent executable with a compiler that implements a newer revision. Unfortunately, this backward compatibility has had the unwanted side effect of not motivating projects that could benefit greatly from the new features to update their code base. To emphasize this progress of revisions, we indicate which standard revision introduced newer features. This edition presents a considerable rework in view of the latest revision, C23 of the C standard. A lot of new material has been added, and many expositions have been straightened out to reflect the new capabilities of the C programming language. So, in this book, we mainly refer to C23, but at the time of this writing, compilers hadn’t yet implemented this standard completely. If you want to compile the examples in this book, you will need at least a compiler that implements most of C17. For the novelties that C23 introduces, we provide a compatibility header and discuss how to possibly generate a suitable C compiler and C library platform on POSIX systems as a fallback in appendix B. Beware: This is not meant as a permanent tool but only as a crutch while platforms adapt. Programming has become a very important cultural and economic activity, and C remains an important element in the programming world. As in all human activities, progress in C is driven by many factors: corporate or individual interest, politics, beauty, logic, luck, ignorance, selfishness, ego, sectarianism, etc. (add your primary motivation here). Thus, the development of C has not been and cannot be ideal. It has flaws and artifacts that can only be understood within their historical and societal context. An important part of the context in which C developed was the early appearance of its sister language, C++. One common misconception is that C++ evolved from C by adding its particular features. Although this context is historically correct (C++ did evolve from a very early C), it is not particularly relevant today. In fact, C and C++ separated from a common ancestor more than 30 years ago and have evolved separately ever since. But this evolution of the two languages has not taken place in isolation; they have exchanged and adopted each other’s concepts over the years. Some new features, such as the addition of atomics and threads, have been designed in close collaboration between the C and C++ standard committees. Nevertheless, many differences remain, and generally, all that is written in this book is about C, not C++. Many of the code examples will not compile with a C++ compiler. So, we should not mix sources of both languages. In sum, C and C++ are different: don’t mix them and don’t mix them up.