دانلود کتاب شکست خوردگی – نظریه، مطالعات موردی، و راه حل

Corrosion cuts across almost all industries, and the corroded components prematurely fail and/or operate at suboptimal level. It affects productivity, safety, and environments and devours nonrenewable natural resources and therefore is of great concern to society. Although industrial components do fail by other mechanisms such as mechanical overload, fatigue, creep, brittle fracture, corrosion remains the single most destruction causing the highest damage to all industrial components. For example, in chemical processing industries, corrosion of process equipment vessels and the associated piping, tubing, and utility components such as boilers, heat exchangers, and condensers is the most predominant damage-causing mechanism among the others mentioned earlier. Corrosion takes place on the inside surface of the vessels and other components because of the action of process chemicals and also on the outside surfaces because of the atmosphericmoisture laden with chemical vapors and also by wet insulation materials. On the other hand, corrosion damage in aerospace and other transportation industry is relatively less, though found to be critical in life and safety and in the cost of the components. It is estimated that corrosion causes loss of about 3.5% of GNP of a nation. Hence, corrosion control becomes an important subject of science and engineering. Corrosion is a multidisciplinary subject that calls for greater/concurrent understanding of electrochemical concepts,materials science, especially metallurgy and design. Teaching corrosion requires not only a sound understanding of these subjects but also better appreciation of actual corrosion problems that industries encounter. On the other hand, industrial corrosion problems are typically handled by mechanical engineers, chemical engineers, and at times metallurgical engineers. What makes solving corrosion problems on the field difficult is that environmental and operating conditions are usually diverse and there is no list of do’s and don’ts and nor there exist simple mathematical equations that could correlate the failures to these conditions that alone let the prediction of corrosion failures. In a vast majority of industries, baring a few nuclear power plants and pipelines carrying crude and petrochemicals where the environments are reasonably defined, controlling corrosion is primarily phenomenological in nature. Thus, effective corrosion control by these field engineers can be possible only if they can understand the complex concepts of electrochemistry and metallurgy that govern the corrosion processes. The main objectives of this book are twofold: enable the students to appreciate how the concepts of electrochemistry and metallurgy are intimately related to corrosion failures and empower the practicing engineers (involved in design and manufacturing of industrial components and those involved in process control, inspection, and maintenance) to tackle corrosion problems through simplifying electrochemical concepts and corrosion mechanisms and give exposure to metallurgy and failure analysis methodology and the relevant tools needed for the analysis. The book therefore can serve as text books as much as a reference one. In this sense, this book is considered unique and different from the normal text and failure analysis books published in the subject of corrosion.