دانلود کتاب تجسم مجدد سرمایه داری در دنیای پسا جهانی شدن

The various management approaches to stakeholder capitalism represent an impor¬tant topic due to the dynamism of the world in which we live and the economic discrepancies between individuals. The entire economy is one based on billions of networks that are constantly interconnecting under the auspices of globalization and diversity of markets, increased competitiveness for profit, and capitalism plays a key role in this regard. The business environment begins to value no longer only the interests of its shareholders and maximizing profitability but is giving more credit to all stakeholders who contribute to the organization’s long-term success. They can represent the unseen part of an iceberg/the level of depth of the business model.
Management specialists such as Eric Rhenman, Russell Ackolf and Igor Ansoff helped expand the concept of stakeholders in the 1960s (Freeman & Liedtka, ). For Freeman and Liedtka (), organizations are not considered isolated from the rest of society, but they are an active part of it. Historically, the notion of stakeholder management took shape in the 1980s and was considered a tool for analysing the interests of those who exerted a certain influence on organizations and were also affected by them (Freeman & Liedtka, )—this shows the double conditioning of the two variables.
Organizations have two courses of action that allow them to focus either on the needs of stakeholders or on the needs of shareholders, but choosing only one option is a flawed choice (Freeman & Liedtka, ). Moreover, most of the time, the interests of the two categories (shareholders and stakeholders) intersect, and in many situations, they are not competing (Freeman & Liedtka, ). The twentieth century was marked by three ideological approaches: socialism, communism, and capitalism (Hodgson, ). Capitalism was and is an adaptogenic system—Fujiyama () in Bassiry and Jones () marks the “end of history” triggered by the supremacy of capitalism over totalitarian socialism, a moment that coincided with the end of the Cold War. It is also a system of controversy—the perceptions of sociological theorists and economic specialists engaged in distinct ideologies have oscillated on the moral character of the system (Bassiry & Jones, ). From the perspective of stakeholders (Freeman & Liedtka, ) capitalism “should serve as a model for the processes that make companies the best companies.”