دانلود کتاب 100 مورد در فارماکولوژی بالینی، درمان و تجویز

Clinical pharmacology is the study of drug use in humans. It is closely linked to therapeutics, which is the study of how diseases are treated. A good understanding of both subjects is essential for safe and effective prescribing, either by doctors or by the more recent (and rapidly increasing) generation of non-medical prescribers. Drugs of one sort or another have been used by physicians since very ancient times, but not always on the basis of sound science. The first known writings of the use of medicines date back 4000 years or so, to the ancient Egyptians, who used a mixture of minerals and plant-derived concoctions and magic spells to treat disease. Independently, the ancient Indians and Chinese developed their own methods of using of plant- and herb-derived extracts for treating ailments of different kinds, with somewhat variable (and usually not well documented) results. None of these systems for the use of therapeutic substances, collectively often termed ‘materia medica’, were based on an understanding of the underlying basis of disease (pathology) or of the modes of action of these substances (pharmacology). In more recent times, our understanding of both pathology and pharmacology, coupled with the use of rigorous clinical trials for the testing of new medicines, has meant that we have a vast and ever-expanding armamentarium of effective medicines available for the treatment of diseases, and for the clinician who is treating patients it is important to understand how they work and why they might often give rise to unwanted side effects. This is why we have put together this book. Our aim is to give the reader a good understanding of the principles of effective and safe use of medicines in the clinic. We also wish to illustrate how the non-clinical use of pharmacologically active substances, or ‘recreational drugs’, can present to the clinician. The most useful way to transmit such knowledge is by the use of real cases, and we hope that the 100 cases we present here will serve this purpose. The first 15 cases cover some important basic principles of clinical pharmacology. The next 75 cases are based on the types of questions that appear in the Prescribing Safety Assessment exam, and will form a good preparation for candidates sitting this exam. The final 10 cases cover other clinically important therapeutic scenarios. We hope that the reader will find these cases both instructive and interesting.